The broadband ‘Digital Divide’ – the gap between the haves and have-nots – is deeper than was thought and may be getting even deeper. This is one conclusion of new research from Point Topic based on detailed mapping of broadband density, right down to the postcode level.
All the ‘Top Ten’ Local Authority areas with the highest broadband density are in London and the home counties . The ten with the lowest density are in the rural areas of Scotland, Northern Ireland and Wales – plus West Somerset, which includes the wide open spaces of Exmoor.
The figures show density in terms of the number of broadband lines per 100 population as at mid-2005. They include both DSL lines provided over BT’s network and cable modem connections supplied by the cable TV networks. Household density is highest in prosperous suburban areas but business use drives the total up higher in areas like Westminster and Tower Hamlets.
Thus the ‘Top Ten’ range from 25 broadband lines per 100 people in Wandsworth, south London, to 20 in South Buckinghamshire. Low density areas include Dumfries and Galloway, with 6.3 lines per 100 down to Eilean Siar (the Western Isles) with 4.9. (These figures exclude one of the UKs smallest local authorities, the City of London, which has a very high density because of business use.)
Point Topic’s earlier analysis suggested that some areas outside the South East – for example in the prosperous areas of South Wales – were up among the leaders for broadband density. This was particularly due to the success of the cable companies in selling broadband to their existing customers.
Several factors have now changed this view. DSL is growing faster than cable modems which is reducing the advantage of the cable TV areas. Point Topic’s consumer research, based on 2,000 face-to-face interviews, showed that broadband density for poorer families is lower than had been assumed.
Most important of all, the publication of DSL numbers for different regions by BT has showed that there are big differences in density between different parts of the country which are independent of social factors or cable competition. Rural areas often have lower density than the suburbs even where broadband is equally available. Some parts of the country, such as Yorkshire, Lincolnshire and the North-east of England, just seem to have less interest in the Internet than others.
As far as Internet density as a whole is concerned, the ‘Digital Divide’is less deep than it is for broadband only, but follows the same pattern. As more and more families migrate from dial-up to broadband, having Internet access will become increasingly the same thing as having broadband
The Labour Government is committed to eliminating the divide, making sure that “the whole of society can experience the benefits of the Internet.” One key step is to make the means getting online available to all, so one promise in its Election Manifesto was "By 2006 every school supported to offer all pupils access to computers at home."
The results of Point Topic’s research show there is a long way to go to achieve the goal of Internet access for all. Britain’s most advanced boroughs are already around the density levels achieved by the most advanced nations – such as South Korea, the Netherlands and Denmark. Overcoming the Digital Divide will mean bringing the whole country up to that level, and higher.